A HISTORY OF SCIENCE 



time-stained walls, amid its rustic population. Com- 

 ing from Berlin, from Dresden, from Leipzig not to 

 mention America one feels as if he had stepped sud- 

 denly back two or three centuries into the past. There 

 are some evidences of modernity that mar the illusion, 

 to be sure ; but the preponderance of the old-time em- 

 blems is sufficient to leave the mind in a delightful 

 glow of reminiscences. As a whole, the aspect of the 

 central portion of the village of the true Jena can- 

 not greatly have changed since the days when Luther 

 stopped here on his way to Wittenberg; surely not 

 since 1662, when the mighty young Leibnitz, the Aris- 

 totle of Germany, came to Jena to study under Weigel, 

 the most famous of German mathematicians of that 

 century. Here and there an old house has been de- 

 molished, to be sure; even now you may see the work 

 of destruction going on, as a new street is being cut 

 through a time-honored block close to the old church. 

 But in the main the old thoroughfares run hither and 

 thither, seemingly at random, as of old, disclosing 

 everywhere at their limits a sky-line of picturesque 

 gables, and shut in by walls that often are almost 

 canon-like in narrowness ; while the heavy, buttressed 

 doors and the small, high-placed windows speak of a 

 time when every house partook of the nature of the 

 fortress. 



The footway of the thoroughfares has no doubt vast- 

 ly changed, for it is for the most part paved now 

 badly enough, to be sure, yet, after all, paved as no 

 city was in the good old days when garbage filled the 

 streets and cleanliness was an unknown virtue. The 

 Jena streets of to-day are very modern in their cleanli- 



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