A HISTORY OF SCIENCE 



way for the study of organic 

 substances, iv. 55. 



Anaesthetic power of chloroform 

 and ether, iv. 217. 



Anaesthetics, use of in the dark 

 age, ii. 35- 



Anatomists in the sixteenth cen- 

 tury, ii. 163. 



Anatomy and physiology in the 

 nineteenth century, iv. 102- 



*39- 



Anaxagoras, banished from 

 Greece, i. 141; his theories 

 about the sun and the planets, 

 i. 143 ; alleged prediction of the 

 fall of the famous meteor at 

 ^Egespotomi, i. 144; his ex- 

 planation of the origin of the 

 heavenly bodies, i. 145; a clear 

 conception of the idea of 

 universal gravitation, i. 146; 

 the first to explain the phases 

 of the moon, i. 147; his theory 

 of the Milky Way, i. 150; "the 

 father of meteorology," i. 

 151; his speculations concern- 

 ing thunder and lightning, i. 

 152 ; his idea that fishes respire 

 air through their gills, " at- 

 tracting" it through water, i. 

 153; his speculations as to nat- 

 ural objects, i. 154; he claimed 

 that every unit or atom in nat- 

 ure was unchangeable and in- 

 destructible, i. 155; the dis- 

 tinction between molecular 

 processes and atomic processes, 

 i. 158; nous, the omnipotent 

 artificer of the material uni- 

 verse, i. 159; the most far- 

 seeing scientific imagination 

 of pre-Socratic antiquity, i. 

 161 ; the founder of the atomic 

 theory, i. 169; he took account 

 of the hypothetical counter- 

 earth in his explanation of the 

 eclipses, i. 216; conceived the 

 idea of universal gravitation 

 before Newton, ii. 236. 



Anaximander, inventor of the 

 sun-dial, i. 109; his conception 

 of the form of the earth, i. 



no; the first teacher of or- 

 ganic evolution, i. in. 



Anaximenes, assisted in perfect- 

 ing the sun-dial, i. 109. 



Animal kingdom, new classifica- 

 tion of, by Cuvier, iv. 102. 



Animists' system, theory of, iv. 

 185. 



Anthropology, problems in, v. 

 228; its position to-day, v. 229. 



Anthrax, cause of, iv. 227, 228; 

 sheep and cattle given im- 

 munity from, at the Pasteur 

 Institute, v. 185. 



Antirabic treatment given at 

 the Pasteur Institute, v. 183. 



Antisepsis, Lister's discovery of, 

 iv. 229. 



Arabian hospitals, ii. 26. 



Arabian learning, its subjects, 

 ii. 13; mathematics, ii. 14; 

 astronomy, ii. 14-17; optics, 

 ii. 18; chemistry, ii. 20; medi- 

 cine, ii. 21. 



Arabian method of earth-meas- 

 urement, ii. 14. 



Arabian numerals, period of 

 their invention, ii. 13. 



Arabic translations, ii. 9. 



Arago, a convert to Fresnel's 

 wave theory, iii. 226; demon- 

 strated that electricity not 

 only influenced a magnet, but 

 actually produced magnetism, 

 iii. 239. 



Archimedes, invented many me- 

 chanical contrivances, i. 197; 

 the Archimedean screw, ibid.; 

 his devices for the defence 

 of Syracuse, i. 198; his com- 

 bination of multiple pulleys, 

 i. 200; his invention of the 

 catapult, i. 201; his con- 

 trivance for wrecking galleys, 

 i. 202; the mythical legend 

 of the burning-glass, i. 2135; 

 his studies of the properties 

 of the lever, i. 206; his ex- 

 periment with King Hiero's 

 crown, i. 207; his demon- 

 strations of the buoyanc)' of 

 water, i. 208; the problem of 



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