ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMERS. 



The upper figure shows Ferranti's experimental transformer built in 1888. It 

 has a closed iron circuit, built up of thin strips filling the interior of the coil and 

 having their ends bent over and overlapping outside. The lower figure shows a 

 simple transformer known as Sturgeon's induction coil. The middle figure gives a 

 view of the series of converters in the power house of the Manhattan Elevated 

 Railway. 



