SCIENCE IN THE INDUSTRIAL WORLD 



inventor, among them a cylinder machine that printed 

 on both sides of the paper, and was called a "perfecting 

 press." 



At the same time that Koenig was working upon his 

 presses several other inventors were producing machines 

 on somewhat the same lines, most of these inventors 

 being Europeans, America not having as yet entered the 

 field with any serious competitor. Among these inven- 

 tors was Napier, who produced a cylinder press which 

 was equipped with grippers or "fingers" for the con- 

 veyance of the sheets around the cylinder during the 

 impression, and for delivering them after printing. 

 This was about 1830, and the advantages of this press 

 were so obvious that two years later Robert Hoe, of 

 New York, sent over to England a young man, Sereno 

 Newton, to study the workings of these presses. The 

 ultimate result of this fortunate event was the well- 

 known firm of R. Hoe & Company, of which Newton 

 was a member. That name is now associated with 

 printing-presses the world over. Almost from the day 

 that this company came into existence the centre of 

 manufacture began shifting from the old world to the 

 new; and to-day the American printing-press stands 

 without a rival. 



It should not be understood that the popularity of the 

 American press was in the nature of a sudden mushroom 

 growth. On the contrary the American manufacturers 

 had struggled for half a century to compete successfully 

 with their European rivals. But by the middle of the 

 century they had overhauled them; by the end of the 

 century they had completely outstripped them. A few 



