PRINTING AND MAKING OF BOOKS 



moment before examining the individual machines in 

 detail. The type-setting machines proper, in which 

 ordinary types are used, labor under the disadvantage 

 that they have to be "loaded" with type before they can 

 be operated; and until recently these types had to be 

 re-distributed after the printing was done. But the im- 

 portance of this defect has now been lessened by the 

 invention of marvelous type-casting machines, which 

 cast over a thousand types a minute, placing them in 

 such position that they can be loaded into the type- 

 setting machine ready for action in a few seconds. 

 This can be done so cheaply that it no longer pays to 

 distribute the type after it is set, a new dress of type 

 being used every time printing is done. This kind of 

 type-setting and type-casting machines is in use in some 

 of the largest printing offices in the world, particularly 

 in Europe. 



The machines that make their types, or slugs that 

 correspond to types except that they are in one-line 

 lengths instead of single types, are those known as 

 "linotype" machines. These have so many advantages 

 over ordinary single type-setting machines that they 

 are very properly the most popular machines for certain 

 kinds of work, particularly where speed rather than ac- 

 curacy is the desideratum. The disadvantage of 

 these slug-machines is that if a mistake is made any- 

 where in one of the lines, the entire line must be made 

 over again, instead of being corrected in the ordinary 

 manner. For this reason, where there are likely to be a 

 great number of corrections, as in the case of authors' 

 manuscripts, the final cost of composition with lino- 



