SCIENCE IN THE INDUSTRIAL WORLD 



English paper-maker named Buttonshaw, while watch- 

 ing a tub of pulp, accidentally spilled the contents of a 

 bluing bag into the mass. Restraining her first impulse 

 to call her husband, she decided to await the result 

 before confessing. To her surprise, and to the aston- 

 ishment of her spouse, the batch of paper coming from 

 the tub containing the bluing was the whitest, finest 

 paper ever seen ; and brought an unusually high price 

 in the London market. His customers demanded more 

 paper of the same kind, but the puzzled paper-manu- 

 facturer was unable to meet the demand until his con- 

 trite wife confessed. She was rewarded with a new 

 bright-red cloak, and from that time London was 

 furnished with the finest white paper ever brought to 

 market. 



But bluing is not the only substance added to the mass 

 of the pulp in the beater. Here sizing and body-color- 

 ing are added, and adulterations, also, if such are to be 

 used. It is here that "loading" is done that is, clay, 

 or cheap, heavy fibers are added to make a cheap 

 and opaque paper. Such a paper takes the cuts for 

 illustrations well, but is weak and easily torn. 



At this stage the pulp is an opaque mixture, of about 

 the consistency of milk, and having very much the same 

 appearance. It is, indeed, "liquid paper," for it is 

 simply a mixture of paper fibers and water; and when 

 the water is drained off the paper is left behind. But, 

 as we have seen in the hand-process just described, 

 this separation of fibers and water is a complicated 

 process. Here the old hand-mold, on which one sheet 

 of paper at a time was scooped out of the vat, is replaced 



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