REPRODUCTIONS OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



from a pad or roller. Fortunately, Senfelder remem- 

 bered the composition of the ink used, and recognizing 

 the possibilities of this entirely novel and rapid method 

 of reproduction, he began a series of experiments and 

 made numerous improvements so that by the time of his 

 death, in 1834, he had brought lithography to a high 

 state of perfection. 



Of course this method of reproduction does not lend 

 itself to illustrations in which the pictures are to be 

 incorporated with type, as in the text of books and 

 magazines, for the lithographic stone is necessarily 

 too large. But for certain classes of work, lithography 

 is still extensively employed, and since it lends itself to a 

 combination with photographic processes, it seems likely 

 to continue in use for some time to come. 



Only certain kinds of stone are suitable for fine 

 lithographic purposes, such stone being the very hard, 

 homogeneous limestone which is found mostly in Ger- 

 many, although stone of inferior quality may be obtained 

 in several other countries. The surface of the stone 

 is prepared according to the use for which it is designed, 

 sometimes being polished perfectly smooth and at other 

 times roughened very slightly or in a very coarse grain. 

 When thus prepared, the artist makes his drawing with 

 lithographic ink or with a special pencil or crayon made 

 of some substance that will resist the action of the 

 acid. In this way lights and shades may be represented 

 in line on the polished stone, or may be indicated as 

 tones with a crayon or with a pen on the roughened stone, 

 the grains of which retain small or large quantities of the 

 lithographic chalk according to the pressure used. If, 



