SCIENCE IN THE INDUSTRIAL WORLD 



scope, as it is called. Instead of the continuous film, the 

 pictures are arranged in reels and brought into a verti- 

 cal position before the eye. The reel is made up of 

 several hundred photographs in consecutive order, and 

 between each one is placed a piece of thin, calendered 

 cardboard such as playing-cards are made from. 

 These act in the manner of a spring to throw the photo- 

 graphs one after the other rapidly past the viewing 

 lens. The insertion of the coin starts the motor which 

 operates the reel. 



Moving picture presentations are of two classes, 

 the first, in which pageants, processions, races, or any 

 other progressive events, are reproduced; and in the 

 second, dramatic performances are depicted. In the 

 latter, some startling and almost miraculous happenings 

 are usually introduced, to the admiration and de- 

 lighted applause of the spectators. These effects are 

 accomplished by what is known as the "pause," that 

 is, the camera is run up to a certain point, stopped, the 

 mise-en-scene changed, and the picture-taking con- 

 tinued. Thus in the familiar "automobile accident," 

 the camera is operated until the automobile is right 

 upon the prostrate victim. Then a legless cripple, 

 made up like the original model, and some artificial 

 legs, are placed in the scene and the action continues. 

 The legless man is then shown moving the dismembered 

 limbs in the air. Now the legs are seen to fly back to 

 the trunk, and at length the original model walks away, 

 none the worse for his experience. These different 

 phases of the thrilling episode take much time and 

 trouble to prepare, during which time the camera is 



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