is there any reason to believe that the first dwelling 

 of the human race was otherwise than the construction 

 described above. 



Climates, however, change, and man in the course 

 of time not only found himself compelled to cope with 

 colder weather, but he himself pushed further and 

 further into more rigorous climes. Then it was, the 

 hollow den failing his needs, that he learned to use the 

 caves which are found in limestone rocks, and which 

 he took as they were or enlarged to meet his require- 

 ments. The date of this important transition it is 

 quite impossible to determine, but the archaeologist 

 places the cave men in the second period of the devel- 

 opment of the dwelling, since in none of the caves 

 have been found implements so primitive in type as 

 those of the excavated dens. And moreover, as reck- 

 oned by time, the day of the first cave dwelling must 

 vary greatly in different localities. When we speak 

 of the "Early Stone Age" and "Late Stone Age" we 

 should think of phases of human development rather 

 than of fixed periods of time. To the present environ- 

 ment of some races of men living on the earth the term 

 Neolithic would not be inappropriate. 



In the cave, man found himself the rival of the bear 

 and other beasts of prey in the somewhat precarious 

 refuge, but nevertheless it is evident from the first 

 that what best suited the needs of the one was that 

 sought for by the others. 



"Our ancestors must constantly have disputed the 

 possession of their caves of refuge with animals," 

 says a noted archaeologist, "but there is often a cer- 



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