in a much modified form. Meanwhile many adap- 

 tations of the stove to heating had been developed. 

 Stove pipes had been lengthened so that it was no 

 longer necessary to have the stove placed near the 

 chimney, and long heat-conducting pipes had been 

 added so that an entire building could be heated from 

 a stove placed in the basement the hot-air furnace, 

 still a very popular form of heat distributor, partic- 

 ularly for small buildings. 



A very marked improvement had been made, about 

 the middle of the nineteenth century, in stoves con- 

 structed so as to burn anthracite coal base burners, 

 and magazine-feed stoves. These were soon on the 

 market in all sizes, from tiny heaters for hall rooms 

 to great furnaces for supplying heat to huge buildings. 

 Steam, which had become the most universal source 

 of power, had also been adapted to heating. The 

 first building heated by steam in the United States 

 was the Eastern Hotel, of Boston, in 1845; and in the 

 same year one of the large woolen mills in Burlington, 

 Vermont, established a similar system of heating. 

 Hot-water heating, where water is made to circulate 

 through pipes instead of steam, had also come into 

 use. So that the skyscraper constructors did not lack 

 facilities for heating their riiany-storied buildings, 

 no matter how far skyward they pushed them. The 

 great obstacle for many years, as has been said, was 

 the lack of transportation facilities; but the introduc- 

 tion of swift-moving and reasonably safe passenger 

 elevators removed the final obstacle. This device must 

 now claim our attention. 



[168] 



