ARTIFICIAL STONE, OR CONCRETE 



These steel rods in the square columns were connected 

 horizontally by ties one and a half by three inches, 

 placed ten inches apart, while those in the octagonal 

 columns were wound spirally with quarter-inch wire 

 rods, having a pitch of three inches. "The wall col- 

 umns are virtually rectangular piers," says the Scien- 

 tific American, "and, like the interior columns, their 

 dimensions increase from the top downward until 

 in the basement a maximum of twenty-six inches square 

 is attained. Beams and girders are made in the stand- 

 ard manner, reinforced with Kahn tension-rods (rods 

 with projections at intervals) in the lower sides which 

 project nearly through the supporting columns. Ad- 

 ditional bars about six feet long, reversed so that their 

 prongs point downward, extend through the columns, 

 projecting equally on both sides, and are built into the 

 upper portions of the beams and girders, thus bonding 

 them and providing for cantilever strains at these 

 supports. A framework of this size was considered 

 necessary partly because of the wind pressure, the hotel 

 being on the beach front. The building is propor- 

 tioned for a wind pressure of thirty pounds per square 

 foot of external vertical surface, and for live loads of 

 seventy pounds per square foot on the 'exchange' 

 and eight floors; all the other floors are proportioned 

 for fifty pounds per square foot. The concrete is pro- 

 portioned for a working load of five hundred pounds per 

 square inch in compression, and the reinforcement bars 

 are designed to take all tensile and shearing stress and 

 have a maximum working load of sixteen thousand 

 pounds per square inch. 



VOL. K. 14 [209] 



