" cainpong " is situated, separates the two bays, the further one being much 

 smaller, very shallow, and probably rapidly silting up. 



Manokoeari lies in the centre, on the lower slopes of a very recent 

 u korang '' or coral limestone range about 500' in height, while to the 

 east the coast runs out into a low peninsula, where most of the Papuan 

 plantations are situated, the soil there being much better than that of the 

 sterile " korang " of the range. 



To the south rise the Arfak Mountains, 9000' high, which run in 

 parallel ranges down the western shore of Greelvink Bay, at about forty 

 to fifty miles inland, except at one point Tanaroeboe, one day's journey 

 along the beach from Andai, where spurs from the mountains abut steeply 

 on to the sea. How far south the range extends has not been determined, 

 nor whether it is continuous with the mountain chain of the north-west coast, 

 as some writers have inferred. 



The main buttress of the Arfak rises above Andai, a Papuan " campong " 

 at the mouth of the Andai River, about four to five hours by native prau 

 across the bay from Manokoeari. From Andai there is a tract to Amberbaki 

 on the north-west coast, which passes through Hatam, a four days' journey 

 according to Rosenberg (10, 79). 



The two small Angi lakes, to the vicinity of which this collection was 

 limited, lie at an altitude of 7000' and 9000' respectively, on the southern 

 portion of the range. The lakes are accessible from several points on the 

 coast, of which the immediate shore-line only is sparsely inhabited, the 

 few inhabitants being restricted to the beach, hence their name, " Orang 

 pantai " or " beach people/' 



A huge intervening low-lying belt of coral limestone or " korang " 

 extends from the beach to the loot-hills of the Arfak. This tract of country, 

 intersected by the alluvial terraces and large inundation-areas of the rivers, 

 which pour down from the mountains in the rainy season, is devoid of 

 inhabitants and suggests very recent elevation. 



The main topographical features of this part of the W. coast of Geelvink 

 Bay may therefore be roughly divided into four zones, which also corre- 

 spond to the general plant-formations : (a) The Immediate Shore-Line ; 

 (b) "Korang" or Coral-Limestone Zone; (c) Inhabited Zone of Foot-hills 

 and lower Ranges; (d) Crests of main Range and Lake Basins from 7000'. 



a. THE IMMEDIATE SHORE-LINE. 



The immediate shore-line is sparsely inhabited, though many fine rivers 

 and torrents sweep down from the mountains. With the exception of some 

 mangrove formation, between Dorei Bay and Andai, and Oranswari and 

 Wariap, the beach sweeps southward, consisting of big stones, shingle, or 



