idiosyncrasies, with special reference to the mountain tribes and the best 

 method of dealing with them. 



On my return from Wariap in 19 L3 I was fortunate in finding Mr. Pratt 

 and his sons at Manokoeari, where they had arrived to organize another 

 expedition to the Angi lakes. I gladly welcome this opportunity of thanking 

 them for permission to reproduce the successful photographs subsequently 

 taken in that region, including several purely botanical subjects selected 

 especially at my request. My own results there had not proved satisfactory. 



3. SCOPE AND CONDITIONS OF PRESENT WORK. 



The chief objective of the present work was a direct outcome of results 

 obtained and observations made on Mt. Kinabaln in British North Borneo 

 in 1910. 



The great interest in the higher regions of that, mountain lies in the extra- 

 Malayan facies of the vegetation and elements in the systematic composition 

 of the flora. The predominance there of species in Orchidacese, Myrtacea3, 

 Ericaceae, chiefly Rhodoilemlrons and Vacciniums, is such a striking feature, 

 that one felt it must be derived from some more continental type of 

 vegetation than the limited occurrence on an isolated mountain could 

 account for. 



Celebes and the Moluccas did not suggest sufficient scope for the proposed 

 key to the solution ; but the mountains of New Guinea with their huge 

 area, approximate rainfall, and great altitude offered a perfect basis of 

 comparison ; while Dr. Beccari's description in "Malesia" of his work and 

 observations on the plants found by him on the Arfak mountains showed a 

 very close approach to the phytogeographical facies of the Kinahnlu " Massiv." 

 This impression was further confirmed by the account of Mr. Pratt's first 

 expedition to the more southern region of the range, and a few plants collected 

 by him in an open marsh by the larger of the two Angi lakes, kindly 

 shown to me at Kevv by Dr. Stapf, finally led me to decide on that locality 

 for comparative work. 



Through the broad-minded interest and influence of my friend the late 

 Sir Kenelm Digby, permission for the expedition was accorded, through the 

 kind offices of the Foreign Office, by the Government, of the Netherlands. 

 I must express my deep gratitude to His Excellency Mr. A. W. F. Idenburg, 

 then Governor-General of the Netherlands-India, for the extreme courtesy 

 of his reception and the interest he evinced in the scientific objects of the 

 projected work, the success of which was assured, thanks to his generous 

 assistance and detailed instructions. 



My thanks are also due to Mr. 0. Lulofs and Mr. J. C. Kielstra for 

 much kind attention during my stay at'Buitenzorg. 



At Ternate the Resident, Mr. Gh. L. J. Palmer van den Broek, was 



