54 



grown, a herd of the beautiful little Bali cattle being also kept for regular 

 killing ; on these occasions the requirements of the official residents of 

 Manokoeari were also taken into account. 



Genbela. 



Beyond Wousi secondary forest with Malay houses at intervals bounded 

 the beach to Genbela, where fine sands run out to the cape that limits the 

 bay to the east. In the. forest the fungus *Favolus scaber, the lianes 

 * Entada scandens and Mucuna Krdtkei were collected. *Peristroplie 

 jcdappcefolia, *Hemi(/r aphis reptans and H. dorensis, with *Geopldla reniformis, 

 formed constant undergrowth. On the edge of the sandy beach *Pandanus 

 dubius grew in clumps, the young plants unbranched with thin leaves about 

 3 m. long; the old trees about 8 m. high, with many branched crowns and 

 shorter leaves of much stiffer consistency, bore large round heads of glaucous 

 mericarps. Behind this beach, on a level stretch of country with intermittent 

 sago-swamps, the native plantations were mostly situated. 



Island of Roon. 



We stopped a day at Djende, the chief place on the island, of which the 

 gneiss J formation carries a mainland type of vegetation. Djende lies in a 

 deep sheltered bay, the native houses being all built over the water, like 

 a miniature Brunei. It is surrounded by hills about 500' high, which, from 

 the little seen, seemed to carry a very interesting association of plants. 



Along the road bordering the bay, Anthoceros bullato-spongiosus associated 

 with the minute mosses *Garckea phascoidea and *Wilsoniella pellucida and 

 young plants of * Lycopodium cernuum grew in the shade, while *Sclileria 

 margaritifera and 0tanthera novo-gmneensis were found in the open. 



On the forest slopes Cyailiea runensis grew as undergrowth, where the 

 orchid Vrydagzynea elongata was growing sporadically with Centotlieca 

 lappacea ; * Trichomanes bipunctatum was collected as an epiphyte, also 

 * Piper Forstenii in flower, with hanging yellow ? spikes, about 4 dm. long. 

 The forest was in a very dry condition, rather a surprising fact, taking the 

 heavy rainfall into account (p. 13), also considering it was the rainy 

 season ; this fact again proves the fallacy of the all-embracing term rain- 

 forest applied in general to all and sundry tropical forest formations. The 

 actual rainfall is by no means the dominant factor, as it is the limiting 

 characters, no matter how small their incidence, which have to be taken into 

 account ; that is to say exposure, soil, and drainage, while should drier 



A. Wichmann's Uerichte in Jiull. nos. 43, 44 & 40 v/d Maatscli. ter bev. v.in het Natuurk. 

 Onderzoek d. Nederl. Kolon. (N. Guinea Exped. 1903, Bull. nos. 3, 4 & 6). 80. Leiden. 



