264 ECONOMIC MAMMALOGY 



cone-and-nut-bearing trees have been logged off in some New England 

 localities, so that these squirrels do not have enough mast for food, they 

 sometimes damage the trees by cutting off too many bud twigs. 34 A 

 long list has been published of trees, shrubs and fungi and a few herbs 

 used as food by the red squirrel, besides insects, snails and an occasional 

 bird. 35 It stores fungi in quantity for winter food. 36 In Alaska, red 

 squirrels were found storing large quantities of high-bush cranber- 

 ries, alder cones, cow-parsnip seeds, spruce cones and "a great many 

 mushrooms." 37 



The Kaibab squirrel (S. kaibabensis) feeds mostly on yellow pine 

 cambium, cones not being abundant within its range most of the time ; 

 at various times observed eating fungi. 38 The Sierra pine squirrel or 

 California chickeree (S. douglasii alb o limb atits) feeds upon the seeds 

 of the sugar pine and Shasta fir. 39 Gray squirrels on Long Island, New 

 York, were found eating maple buds and seeds, dogwood fruit, elm 

 buds, oak catkins, acorns and various nuts. 40 The food of the flying 

 squirrels (Glaucomys) consists mostly of acorns and nuts, with some 

 fruit, a few insects and a little carrion, and one has been known to rob 

 a martin's nest. 41 



The antelope ground squirrels (Ammospermophilus) and chipmunks 

 (Tamias and Eutamias) are usually economically neutral, but when 

 abundant about the margins of fields and gardens they may inflict some 

 damage to crops, and they sometimes get into stored grain and pro- 

 visions. 42 The food of the chipmunks consists chiefly of "a variety of 

 nuts, fruits, grains, and other vegetable matter, with a small percentage 

 of animal matter," including land snails and insects, with "solitary 

 instances reported of a chipmunk eating a salamander, a frog and a 



malogy, v, 37-41, 1924. Hofmann, Furred forest planters, Scientific Monthly, xvi, 

 280-283, 1929. 



34 Hosley, Red squirrel damage to coniferous plantations and its relation to 

 changing food habits, ^Ecology, ix, 43-48, 1928. Hatt, The red squirrel: Its life his- 

 tory and habits, Roosevelt Wild Life Annals, 11, 132-135 1929. 



35 Hatt, Roosevelt Wild Life Annals, n, 85-110, 1929. 



86 Butler, The red squirrel of North America as a mycophagist, Trans. Brit. My- 

 cological Soc., vi, 355, 1920. Journ. Mammalogy, 11, 119, 1921. 



37 Dice, Notes on the mammals of interior Alaska, Journ. Mammalogy, n, 25, 

 1921. Murie, The Alaska red squirrel providing for winter, ibid., vm, 37-40, 1927. 



38 Goldman, The Kaibab or white-tailed squirrel, Journ. Mammalogy, ix, 127-129, 

 1928. 



89 Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, No. 16, p. 91, 1899. 



40 Nichols, Notes on the food habits of gray squirrels, Journ. Mammalogy, vm, 

 55-57, 1927- 



41 Hahn, 33rd Ann. Rept. Indiana Dept. Geol. and Nat. Res., 1908, pp. 485-487. 

 Bailey, Journ. Mammalogy, iv, 129, 1923. 



42 Bailey, Farmers' Bull, No. 335, pp. 8, 10, 1908. 



