CONTENTS 



PAGE 



Regional conditions. . .' 274 



Results of the investigation 279 



Part I. Concerning the entire enterprise 279 



Costs 279 



Feed 279 



Grain and other concentrates 279 



Succulent feed 282 



Dry forage 282 



Pasture 282 



Bedding 286 



Labor 287 



Milk hauling 287 



Use of buildings 290 



Use of equipment 292 



Interest 293 



Miscellaneous costs . 294 



Returns . . 294 



Milk and milk products 294 



Milk sold 294 



Milk products sold 298 



Milk and milk products used 298 



Appreciation on cattle 300 



Manure recovered 300 



Miscellaneous returns ,- 33 



Summary of costs and returns 304 



Cost of producing milk and butterfat 304 



Quantities of feed and labor per unit of product 312 



Capital invested for milk production 312 



Effect of changes in the price of labor, of feed, and of other factors, on the cost 



of milk production 313 



Part II. Concerning cows 314 



Breeds 314 



Numbers 314 



Average production : 316 



Feeds used 318 



Labor required 320 



Costs and returns 320 



Size of herd 322 



Size of farm 323 



Feed used 323 



Labor required 325 



Use of buildings 325 



Costs and returns . 327 



Productive life of cows 328 



Conclusions on size of herd 328 



Season of milk production 329 



Summer and winter seasons . . . . ' 329 



Summer and winter dairies 335 



Summer and winter seasons in winter dairies 358 



Conclusions regarding season of production 358 



Feeds and feeding 360 



Nutriment and energy .' 360 



Use of concentrates 368 



Use of succulent feed 375 



Combined effect of large proportion of energy in both grains and succulent 



feed 382 



Ration of the highest-producing and most profitable herd 383 



271 



