294 



BULLETIN 409 



the interest on which amounts to $8155.45. Since veals and bulls to be 

 sold are kept on hand for only a short time, no interest was charged on 

 their value. The data are given in table 13. 



Interest was charged to the dairy enterprise on the investment in 

 forage for the average length of time the forage was stored before it was 

 fed, and on the investment in concentrates from the time they were 

 paid for until they were fed. On each record this cost was distributed 

 to cows, heifers, and herd bulls, according to the numbers of animals 

 kept and the quantities of feed used. The average total capital so invested 

 was $38,160, or about $256 per farm. On some farms keeping heifers 

 and herd bulls the interest charge on feed and supplies was so small that 

 it was not separated. The data are given in table 14: 



TABLE 14. INTEREST ON AVERAGE VALUE OF FEED AND SUPPLIES KEPT ON HAND 

 FOR 2058 Cows, 1002 HEIFERS, AND 172 HERD BULLS 



Miscellaneous costs 



All remaining expenses were classed as miscellaneous costs, and are 

 given in table 15. Of these, ice, veterinary fees, medicines and disinfec- 

 tants, fly protectors, whitewash, and expenses for testing milk, were the 

 most important. Farmers having the expense for milk testing estimated 

 the portion of this' expense that should be charged to cows, to heifers, 

 to bulls to be sold, and to herd bulls. The same was done with other 

 items not wholly chargeable to cows. 



The average amount of ice stored per cow was 1949 pounds. 



Returns 



Returns from dairy cattle on the farms studied were classified as (i) 

 milk and milk products, (2) appreciation on cattle, (3) manure recovered, 

 (4) miscellaneous returns. 



Milk and milk products 



Milk sold. Of the 149 farms, 52 sold to the Empire State Dairy Com- 

 pany at Windsor and i to this company at Oquaga, 39 sold to Cloverdale 

 Farms Company at Binghamton, 18 sold to F. W. Jansen at Whitney's 

 Point, 1 6 to Bordens' at Tunnel, 7 to Sheffield Farms, Slawson-Decker 

 Company, at Conklin, 5 to Bordens' at Whitney's Point, 3 to the Broome 

 County Dairy Company at Binghamton, 7 a part of the year to F. W. 



