3 20 



BULLETIN 409 



station herds used more grain but less dry forage. Since grain contains 

 from two to two and one-half times as much energy as does hay, the extra 

 grain used compensates for the smaller amount of dry forage, especially 

 if one allows for the use of a better grade of hay at the stations. No 

 account could be taken of pasture, as it was reported in days but not in 

 acres used. At the New Jersey and Massachusetts stations, very little 

 pasture was used. These stations depended largely on soiling crops for 

 summer feeding. 



Labor required 



An average per cow of 90. i hours of human labor was spent in milking, 

 19.6 hours in hauling the milk, and 77.7 hours in other work. This is a 

 total of 187.4 hours per cow, 3.38 hours per hundred pounds of milk pro- 

 duced, and '0.85 hour per pound of butterfat produced. 



Most of the horse labor was in hauling the milk. This amounted to 

 28.4 hours out of a total of 33.9 hours per cow. 



The data on labor required are given in table 34: 



TABLE 34. LABOR REQUIRED FOR 2058 Cows 



* Totals are given in table 7 (page 288). 



Costs and returns 



The total costs per cow were $105.43. Of this, 53.2 per cent was for 

 feed including pasture, 22.8 per cent was for human labor except milk 



