22 AMERICAN POMOLOGY 



soil. Western New York received her early fruits from 

 Connecticut, and Massachusetts ; Michigan, Northern Illi- 

 nois, and later, Wisconsin and Iowa received theirs in a 

 great degree from New York. Ohio and Indiana received 

 their fruits mainly from New Jersy, and Pennsylvania, and 

 we may yet trace this in the prevalence of certain leading 

 varieties that are scarcely known, and very little grown on 

 different parallels. The early settlement at the mouth of 

 the Muskingum river, was made by New England-men, 

 and into the " Ohio-purchase/' they introduced the lead- 

 ing varieties of the apples of Massachusetts. Among 

 these, the Boston or Roxbury Russet was a prominent 

 favorite, but it was so changed in its appearance as 

 scarcely to be recognized by its old admirers, and it was 

 christened with a new name, the Putnam Russet, under 

 the impression that it was a different variety. Most of 

 the original Putnam varieties have disappeared from the 

 orchards. Kentucky received her fruits in great measure 

 from Virginia ; Tennessee from the same source and from 

 North Carolina, and these younger States sent them for- 

 ward on the great western march with their hardy sons 

 to southern Indiana, southern Illinois, to Missouri, and to 

 Arkansas, in all which regions we find evident traces in 

 the orchards, of the origin of the people who planted them. 

 Of course, we shall find many deflections from the pre- 

 cise parellel of latitude, some inclining to the south, and 

 many turning to the northward. To the latter we of the 

 West are looking with the greatest interest, since we so 

 often find that the northern fruits do not maintain their 

 high characters in their southern or southwestern migra- 

 tions, and all winter kinds are apt to become autumnal in 



