54 AMERICAN POMOLOGY. 



ogists, and are familiar to men of science in every country 

 and, we may add, are also universally accepted as true by 

 all who claim, a right to express an opinion upon the sub- 

 ject. Men of science recognize the individuality of buds. 

 Nobody doubts the individuality of buds. In a garden- 

 ing aspect, the individuality of buds is the cardinal point 

 upon which some of our most important operations turn ; 

 such, for example, as all modes of propagation whatever, 

 except by seed. If this be not fully understood, there is 

 no possible explanation of the reasons why certain results 

 are sure to follow the attachment of a bud, or the insertion 

 of a graft, or the planting of a cutting, or the bending of 

 a layer, or the approach of a scion, or the setting of an 

 eye our six great forms of artificial multiplication." In 

 his Elements of Botany, the same writer says : " An em- 

 bryo is a young plant produced by the agency of the sex- 

 es, and developed within a seed a leaf bud is a young 

 plant, produced without the agency of the sexes, enclosed 

 within the rudimentary leaves called scales, and devel- 

 oped on a stem." "An embryo propagates the species, 

 leaf-buds propagate the individual" He shows each to 

 be " a young plant developing itself upwards, downwards 

 and horizontally, into stem, root, and medullary system." 



Dr. Schleiden thus beautifully expresses his views of their 

 individuality : " Now the bud essentially is nothing more 

 than a repetition of the plant on which it is formed. The 

 foundation of a new plant consists equally of a stem and 

 leaves, and the sole distinction is that the stem becomes 

 intimately blended at its base with the mother plant in its 

 growth, and has no free radical extremity like that exhib- 

 ited by a plant developed from a seed. However, this 



