82 AMERICAN POMOLOGY. 



but the bark is started from the wood, and the scion, cut 

 as shown in figure 11, is pressed down between the wood 

 and bark. This can only be done late in the spring, after 

 the sap has begun to flow in the stock, so that the bark 

 will run ; it is indeed more like budding than grafting. 

 The other modification is done without cutting off the 

 stock. The knife is applied to the side of a stock of me- 

 dium size, and a cut is made downward and extending to 



Fig. 13. TWO FORMS OP SIDE GRAFTING. A, J?, THE SCION AND 

 STOCK FOR THE RICHARD SIDE GRAFT. (7, STOCK FOR THE GIRARDIN 

 SIDE GRAFT. D, SCION, AND E, FRUIT BUD FOR THE SAME. 



one-third the diameter, fig. 12; the scion is cut as for 

 cleft grafting, and inserted so as to have the parts well 

 co-apted, and then secured as usual. This plan is useful 

 where there is danger of too free a flow of sap from the 

 roots. Two other kinds of side graft are shown in fig. 13 

 The left-hand figures show the Richard side graft, in which 



