106 AMERICAN POMOLOGY. 



both must be in a state of growth at the time the opera- 

 tion is performed. The union, however, depends much 

 more upon the bud than upon the stock the bud may be 

 considered, a centre of vitality vegetative action com- 

 mences in the bud, and extends to the stock, connecting 

 them together." " The vital energy, however, which com- 

 mences the process of organization in the bud, is not nec- 

 essarily confined to the germ, nor distinct from that 

 which maintains the growth of the entire plant ; but it is 

 so connected with organization, that when this has pro- 

 ceeded a certain length, the bud may be removed from 

 the parent and attached to another, where it will become 

 a branch the same as if it had not been removed." 



The season for budding has already been indicated in 

 general terms, it is usually done in mid-summer and the 

 early part of autumn, reference being had to the condition 

 of the plants to be worked ; these should be in a thrifty 

 growing state, the woody fibre should be pretty well ad- 

 vanced, but growth by extension must still be active, or 

 the needful conditions will not be found. The " pulp " 

 must be present between the bark and the wood of the 

 stock, so that the former can be easily separated from the 

 latter ; in the language of the art, the bark must u run ;" 

 this state of things will soon cease in most stocks, after the 

 formation of terminal buds on the shoots. The success 

 of spring budding, however, would appear to indicate 

 that the cambium layer is formed earlier in the season 

 than is usually supposed ; for whenever the young leaves 

 begin to be developed on the stock, " the bark will run," 

 and the buds may be inserted with a good prospect of 

 success. In this case we are obliged to use dormant buds 

 that were formed the previous year, and we have to exer- 



