150 AMERICAN POMOLOGY. 



of fruit in the open field, upon sturdy orchard trees, that 

 there is less necessity for introducing these elegant meth- 

 ods of pursuing the fine art of horticulture ; and yet there 

 are reasons in the uncertain climate of our winters, why 

 these plans of training and dwarfing should be pursued 

 by those who have the talent and the means for doing it. 

 Until within a few years, there were not many dwarfed 

 pear or apple trees in this country, and they were confined 

 chiefly to French gardens and to the establishments of the 

 wealthy. But since their more general introduction, im- 

 mense numbers have been propagated and planted, and 

 extensive orchards, particularly of dwarfed pears, have 

 been set out with a view to profit. Some of these have 

 been eminently successful, others are failures ; the results 

 will very much depend upon the amount of care which 

 may be bestowed upon them. 



The French have long practiced the dwarfing of certain 

 varieties of fruits, and have been very successful in their 

 results ; but that wonderful people, the Chinese, excel all 

 others in this branch of horticulture, for which they dis- 

 play a remarkable talent. 



DWARFING BY UNCONGENIAL STOCKS. The usual 

 mode, which is literally a partial starvation of the tree 

 by limiting the supplies of crude sap, consists in the 

 use of uncongenial and dwarf-growing stocks, upon which 

 the desired varieties are budded or grafted. These are, 

 for the dwarfed pear, either Quinces, Thorns, the Mountain 

 Ash, or the Amelanchiers ; for the apple, the Paradise and 

 the Doucin varieties of apple stocks ; for the peach and 

 plum, the Chickasas, or other dwarf plum stock may be 

 used. The free-growing cherries are worked on the Ma- 



