ROSE FAMILY. 127 



and allowed to ferment 12 or 24 Hours, according to the temperature, a 

 thick coagulum separates from the dark clear portion, which possesses a 

 much higher flavor than the unfermented juice. If bottled, and the bot- 

 tle filled so as to allow just room for the cork, the juice will keep in a 

 cellar for a year or more. 



4. R. occidenta'lis, L. Stem suffruticose, rather flaccid and leaning or 

 arched, terete, smooth and glaucous, armed with recurved prickles ; leaves 

 pinnately 3- (rarely 5-) foliolate ; leaflets lance-ovate ; flowers in subum- 

 bellate corymbs ; petals often emarginate ; carpels smoothish, pitted in 

 drying. 



WESTERN RUBUS. Wild or Black Raspberry. Thimble-berry. Black 

 Caps. 



Stem 5 -8 or 10 feet long, sparingly branched, limber and often arching over so that 

 the summit comes to the ground and takes root, mostly purplish and pruinose or 

 covered with a flue bluish-white powder. Leaflets mostly in threes, 2-4 or 5 inches long, 

 often with a long acumination, and subcordate at base, smoothish above, clothed with a 

 dense glaucous tomentum beneath. Petals white. Fruit dark purple, or nearly black 

 (rarely whitish alboque simillima Graculo /) when mature. 



Canada to Georgia and Missouri : Borders of woodlands, fence-rows, &c. Fl. May. Fr. 

 July. 



Obs. The fruit of this is smaller and less esteemed than that of the 

 preceding, but is nevertheless sweet and agreeable. The plant, however, 

 is generally treated as a weed, on all neat farms. 



2. CARPELS forming an ovoid or oblong fruit, persistent on the some- 

 what juicy receptacle (BLACKBERRY). 



5. R. Canaden'sis, L. Stem fructicose, procumbent, armed with nume- 

 rous short recurved prickles ; leaves mostly 3-foliolate ; leaflets ovate- 

 acute, thin ; fruit large, sweet. 



CANADIAN RUBUS. Dewberry. Running Brier. 



Stem 4-8 or 10 feet long, slender, trailing, smoothish often several from the same 

 root running in different directions, and giving out numerous leafy pubescent flowering 

 branches, which are nearly erect, and 2-4 or 6 inches long. Leaflets mostly in threes 

 (sometimes pedately in fives) , three fourths of an inch to an inch and a half long. Flowers 

 terminal and subterminal on the short branches, few and rather large, somewhat corym- 

 bose by the elongation of the lower axillary pedicels. Corolla white. Fruit oblong, 

 obtuse or often roundish, large (half an inch to near an inch in diameter), black when 

 mature, very succulent and sweet. 



Rocky sterile soils, old fields, &c. Canada to Virginia. Fl. May. Fr. July. 



06s. Our Dewberry is a fine fruit, the earliest and the sweetest Black- 

 berry ; but it is not the "Dewberry" of England which is the R. 

 c&sius, L. There has been some confusion respecting our plant, among 

 the Botanists ; and Prof. DE CANDOLLE seems not to have had a clear 

 conception of the species. But there is scarcely a farmer's boy who is 

 not well acquainted with it, from having often encountered its prickly 

 trailing stems with his naked ankles, while heedlessly traversing the old 



