13OKAGE FAMILY. 241 



1. T. Canaden'se, L. Herbaceous, erect, hoary-pubescent ; leaves 

 ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrate, rounded at base, on short petioles. 

 CANADIAN TEUCRIUM. Wood Sage. Germander. 



Root perennial. Stem 1-2 or 3 feet high, simple or sparingly branched, square with 

 the sides, concave and the angles obtuse, clothed with a retrorse cinereous pubescence. 

 Leaves 3-5 inches long, on petioles one fourth to three fourths of an inch in length. Cymules 

 2-3-llowered, mostly crowded, sometimes a little distant, in a spike 2-5 or 6 inches in 

 length (often an opposite pair of racemes from the axils of the first leaves beneath) . Co- 

 rolla pale purple, minutely pubescent ; limb declinate, with a central fissure on the upper 

 side the upper or lateral lobes erect, acute, the middle or lowest lobe oblong or obovate, 

 concave. Style longer than the stamens, curved, equally bifid at summit. 



Fence rows and low shaded grounds : throughout the United States. Fl. July. Fr. 

 August - September. 



06s. This plant is frequently to be seen in low grounds, along streams, 

 and sometimes along fence-rows and borders of fields ; but it has not be- 

 come generally known as an intrusive weed. An observing farmer, how- 

 ever, has recently brought to me some specimens of it collected in his 

 fields, where, he assured me, he found it a very troublesome weed and 

 moreover, exceedingly difficult to extirpate. I have, therefore, deemed 

 it proper to describe the plant, and commend it to further notice, so 

 that its true character may be certainly determined, before its inroads 

 become extensive. Since the above remark was written (1846), the plant 

 has become very troublesome on some farms in Pennsylvania. 



OEDER L. BORRAGINA'CE^. (BORAGE FAMILY.) 



Mostly rough hairy herbs with round stems, alternate simple leaves without stipules and 

 flowers in often 1-sided clusters or racemes which are spiral (circinate) before expansion. 

 Calyx 5-parted. Corolla mostly regular ; the limb 5-toothed, with 5 stamens inserted on its 

 tube. Ovary deeply 4-lobed ; the style proceeding from the base of the lobes, which in 

 fruit become little nuts or hard akenes, each with a single seed without albumen. Herbage 

 not aromatic. 



An Order for the most part of rough homely plants, some of them very obnoxious weeds. 

 A few are slightly medicinal. The Alkanet of commerce (a red coloring matter) is afford- 

 ed by a plant of this Order, viz.: Anchusa tinctoria, L. Several species have showy 

 flowers, and some of the Heliotropiums are admired for their fragrance. 

 * Akenes or lobes erect, fixed by the lower end, separate from the style, not prickly. 

 Corolla somewhat irregular, throat naked and open. 



The rather unequal stamens protruding. 1. ECHIUM. 



Corolla regular. 



Its throat closed by 5 converging scales. 2. SYMPHYTUM. 



Its throat open, with 5 more or less evident projections ; lobes 



spreading, round, imbricated in the bud, white. 3. LTTHOSPERMUM. 



** Akenes or lobes prickly, fixed by their side or upper end to the 

 base of the style. Corolla salver-shaped with 5 scales in the 

 throat. 



Akenes erect, prickly on the margins only. 



Flowers small. 4. ECHINOSPERMUM. 



Akenes oblique or flattened from above, prickly or rough all 

 over. 5. CYNOGI.OSSUM. 



1. E'CHIUM, Tournef. VIPER'S-BUGLOSS. 

 [Greek, Echis, a viper ; from, the resemblance of the seeds to a viper's head.] 



Corolla subcampanulate, limb obliquely 5-lobed, unequal, the throat ex- 



