WALNUT FAMILY. 303 



is occasionally cultivated for the young fruit, which makes a favorite 

 pickle. The tree is rather impatient of the climate, in the rural dis- 

 tricts of Pennsylvania : but does very well in the shelter afforded by our 

 cities and large towns. The nuts are rarely perfected, here ; but those 

 imported, are highly esteemed. 



2. J, cine'rea? L. Leaflets oblong-lanceolate, rounded at base, softly 

 pubescent beneath, with the petioles and branchlets downy with clammy 

 hairs ; drupe ovoid-oblong, coriaceous, viscid-pubescent ; nut elliptic- 

 oblong, acuminate, conspicuously sculptured. 



CINEREOUS JUGLANS. White Walnut. Butter-nut. 



Stem 20 - 50 feet high, with numerous branches and a smoothish cinereous bark. Leaflets 

 2-4 or 5 inches long, serrate, sessile, softly pubescent and paler beneath, in 7-8 pairs 

 with a terminal odd one. Aments 3-5 inches long. Pistillate flowers 3-5 or 7, in a ter- 

 minal spike, rather distant, sessile on a long common peduncle. Drupe 2-3 inches long, 

 and 1 to near 2 inches in diameter, elliptic-ovoid with a short tapering protuberance at 

 apex, often slightly compressed and obscurely angular, softly hairy and clammy, the 

 epicarp somewhat coriaceous. 



Rich bottom lauds, along streams, &c. ; throughout the United States. Fl. May. Fr. 

 Sept. -Oct. 



Obs. The bark of this tree affords an extract (Butter-nut Physic) , 

 which is a convenient and popular cathartic. The young drupes, col- 

 lected about the last of June, make excellent pickles. The kernel of 

 the mature fruit is oily, and soon becomes rancid. The bark as well as 

 the husks of the fruit are sometimes used as a dye, and the wood, though 

 lighter colored and less valuable than that of the following species, is 

 durable when exposed to heat and moisture, and is used for panels of 

 coaches and similar purposes. 



3. J. ni'gra, L> Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, subcordate at base, the 

 under surface and petioles slightly pubescent ; drupe globose, roughish- 

 dotted, spongy ; nut subglobose, rugose-sulcate. 



BLACK JUGLANS. Black Walnut. 



Stem 40-60 or 80 feet high, with spreading crooked branches, often forming a broad 

 roundish and rather open top. Leaflets 2-4 inches long, serrate, subsessile, in 7 -10 pairs, 

 with a terminal odd one which is often starved, or abortive. Aments about 2 inches long. 

 Pistillate flowers in small terminal clusters of 2 - 4, on a short common peduncle. Drupe 

 an inch and a half to 2> inches in diameter, mostly globose, sometimes oval or oblong- 

 ovoid, greenish-yellow when mature, the epicarp (or "hull") more or less succulent 

 and spongy. 



Rich woodlands, fence-rows, &c. : throughout the United States. Fl. May. Fr. Octo- 

 ber. 



Obs. The dense dark-brown wood of this species is valuable, and is 

 much used by Cabinet-makers, as a substitute for Mahogany. The 

 spongy epicarp is often employed as a domestic dye-stuff, and the nu- 

 cleus, or kernel, although somewhat oily, is generally esteemed. The 

 young fruit and leaves, when rubbed or bruised, emit a strong and not 

 unpleasant resinous odor. This tree, when prevalent, is a pretty sure 

 indication of a fertile soil. 



