PINE FAMILY. 333 



is often made by the country people to apply to cuts and wounds, and is 

 highly valued by those who like to see how such things will heal in spite 

 of useless applications. The var. candi'cans, called Balm of Gilead, is 

 frequently cultivated, as its fragrance in spring is exceedingly agreeable. 



SUB-CLASS II. 



GYMNOSPER'MOUS EXOGENOUS PLANTS. 



PISTIL represented by an open scale or leaf, or sometimes entirely want- 

 ing ; the ovules and seeds consequently naked (i. e. without a proper 

 pericarp) ; style and stigma none, fertilization taking place by a direct 

 application of the pollen to the ovules. Cotyledons often more then two. 



ORDER LXXI. CONIF'ER^E. (PINE FAMILY.) 



Trees or shrubs with resinous juice, needle-shaped or awl-shaped leaves and monoecious or 

 dioecious flowers in aments, without calyx and corolla. Ovules straight. Embryo in the axis 

 ol fleshy and oily albumen. 



A valuable and very interesting Order of peculiar Botanical character, comprising some 

 of the most magnificent trees known, and valuable for their timber as well as for their 

 l)rod ucts, which include the turpentines, resins, pitch, tar, &c. The woody fibre of the 

 plants of this order, under a high magnifying power, exhibits peculiar circular disks or 

 markings. 



PINE SUB-FAMILY. 



Fertile flowers in aments, consisting of numerous persistent carpellary scales, each scale 

 subtended by a bract ; forming in fruit a strobile or cone. Ovules 2 at the base of each 

 carpellary scale, their orifice turned downwards. Seeds winged. Buds scaly. 

 Leaves 2-5 in a cluster, from the axil of a thin scale, needle-shaped, 



evergreen. 1. Fixes. 



Leaves all scattered on the branches, evergreen. 2. ABIES. 



Leaves many in a cluster on side-spurs, and scattered along the shoots 



of the season, mostly falling in autumn. x 3. LARIX. 



CYPRESS SUB-FAMILY. 



Fertile aments, consisting of a few carpellary scales, without bracts, 



with one or several erect ovules at their base. Fruit a roundish 



strobile or drupe-like. Buds naked. 



* Flowers monoecious. Strobile dry, opening at maturity. 



Fruit of few oblong nearly flat loose scales. Ovules 2. Leaves ever- 



green, scale-like, closely imbricated on the flattened branches. 4. THUJA. 



Fruit woody and round ; scales shield-shaped. Seeds 2 ormore.onthe 



stalk of each scale. Leaves evergreen, scale-like or awl-shaped. 5. CUPRESSTTS. 

 Fruit round and woody ; scales shield-shaped and thickened. Seeds 2 



on the base of each scale. Leaves falling in autumn, linear, 2- 



ranked. 6. TAXODIUM. 



** Flowers mostly dioecious. Fruit berry-like, not opening at matu- 



rity. 

 Fruit 3-6 coalescent 1-3-ovuled scales, becoming fleshy. 7. JUNIFERUS. 



YEW SUB-FAMILY. 



Fertile flower solitary, consisting of a naked ovule ripening into a nut- 



ere ower soary, conssng o a nae ovue rpe 

 like or drupe-like seed. Ovary entirely wanting. Buds scaly. 

 Ovule erect, surrounded at the base by an annular disk, which forms 



a berry-like cup around the nut-like seed. Leaves evergreen, linear. 8. TAXUS. 

 Ovule, &c., nearly as in Taxus : leaves broadly deltoid, deciduous 9. SAIJSRCRIA. 



