12 



buds about half open. The larvre then eat out the centres of 

 the buds, where the leaves and flowers are least developed. 

 The caterpillar forms for itself a protecting case by using silken 

 threads to bind together the leaves. As the season advances 

 some of the leaves are killed, become detached at the base, and 

 turn brown ; the blossoms also are more or less webbed, so that 

 the smaller branches present an appearance similar to the 

 accompanying illustration. (Fig. 6.) 



The life-history of this insect may be summarized as follows : 

 The moths appear in the orchard early in summer ; during day- 

 light they rest upon the bark of trees or other shelter; at night 

 they fly about and de- 

 posit their eggs, one in 

 a place on the under 

 side of the leaves. About 

 ten days later these eggs 

 hatch into small green 

 larvae, which feed upon 

 the epidermis of the 

 leaves, each making for 

 itself a silken tube and 



a thin layer of silk for protection and concealment, 

 or two the green color changes to brown. 



"As the larva increases in size and the area over which it 

 feeds becomes larger, the tube is enlarged and lengthened along 

 the midrib, sometimes becoming nearly one inch in length. 

 The silken web under which the larva feeds covers the entire 

 field of operations, but is so thin near the edges where the 

 larva has last fed as to be scarcely visible. The excrement of 

 the larva being retained by the web appears as little black pel- 

 lets scattered here and there over the feeding ground." * 



The green portion of only one side of the leaf is eaten, the 

 veins and veinlets being left untouched : these and the green 

 of the opposite side die and turn brown, and thus become con- 

 spicuous, 



* M. V. Slingerland. 



Fig. 5. 



Apple leaf showing work of young 

 bud-worm. 



In a day 



