11 



locality and length of season. In early autumn the dark, hiber- 

 nating winter form is developed. 



The sap which passes through the bodies of these little creat- 

 ures is ejected on the foliage, and forms the so-called "honey 

 dew." Where the insects are very numerous this becomes very 

 abundant, falling in showers when the branches are disturbed. 

 After the honey dew has been present for some time a peculiar 

 black fungus develops upon it, and gives the tree a sooty ap- 

 pearance. 



Mr. Slingerland makes the following statement concerning 

 the indications of the presence of the pest: "Among the first 

 indications that pear growers, who suffered from this pest in 

 1891, had of its presence, was the noticeably lessened vitality of 

 their trees early in the season. Old trees, especially, put forth 

 but little new growth. Where new growth started, in many 

 cases the shoots began to droop and wither in May, as if from 

 a loss of sap. A little later, whole trees put on a sickly 

 appearance ; the leaves turned yellow and the fruit grew but 

 little. By midsummer nearly all the leaves and half-formed 

 fruit fell from many trees." 



Remedies. — This insect can be destroyed by spraying in spring 

 after the eggs hatch out and before the first brood matures, 

 with kerosene emulsion diluted with twenty-five parts of water. 

 This is a simple and satisfactory remedy; if applied soon after 

 a shower has washed off much of the honey dew it is more 

 effective. 



The Bud-worm 



Tmetocera ocellana 



There is evidence to show that this insect was introduced to 

 America from Europe early in the present century. It now 

 occurs over a large portion of Canada and the United States, 

 and sometimes is very destructive over wide areas, occasionally 

 becoming the most serious orchard pest of the season. As 

 soon in spring as the buds begin to open, the little caterpillars 

 may commence work upon them, gnawing the miniature leaves 

 and blossoms, but the attack is more likely to begin after the 



