BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX 



researches in organic chemistry, and the appli- 

 cation of chemistry to food and agriculture. He 

 demonstrated that the source of animal heat is 

 really the consumption of the fuel taken in 

 through the stomach and lungs. 



Lilienthal, Otto, vii, 278. Born at Anklam, 

 Germany, May 23, 1848; died Aug. 9, 1896. Ger- 

 man engineer and pioneer in aviation. His ex- 

 periments with gliding machines and his suc- 

 cessful flights with various types of gliders gave 

 the impetus to invention that culminated in the 

 invention of the Wright Brothers' aeroplane. He 

 was killed by a fall from one of his gliders. 



Linnaeus, Carolus, ii, 299. Born at Rashult, 

 Sweden, May 13, 1707; died at Upsala, Sweden, 

 Jan. 10, 1778. Swedish naturalist and botanist. 

 Founder of the "Linnaeus system" in botany, 

 which has since been supplanted. 



Lippershey, Johannes, ii, 78. Died 1619. One 

 of the first to experiment with combinations of 

 lenses to form a telescope. The instrument as 

 constructed by him is still known as the "Dutch 

 Telescope." 



Lister, Dr. Joseph (Lord Lister), iv, 229; v, 

 19. Born April 5, 1827. Noted English sur- 

 geon, the father of antiseptic surgery. He be- 

 gan publishing the results of his researches in 

 1867, but it was not until about ten years later 

 that their full significance had been demon- 

 strated in practical surgery. The rapid advan- 

 ces in surgery made during the past quarter of 

 a century are due largely to Lister's revolution- 

 ary discovery. 



Lister, Joseph Jackson, iv, 113. Born at Lon- 

 don, Jan. n, 1786; died Oct. 24, 1869. English 



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