BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX 



physiologist for his opposition to the theory of 

 a "vital force." His famous paper opposing this 

 doctrine appeared in 1852. 



Lubbock, Sir John, iv, 175. Born at London, 

 March 26, 1803; died near Farnborough, Kent, 

 June 20, 1865. Celebrated English mathemati- 

 cian and astronomer. He was one of the first 

 to champion Darwin's theory of evolution. His 

 best known work is "On the Theory of the 

 Moon and on the Perturbations of the Planets." 



Ludolff, Christian Friedrich, ii, 276. German 

 scientist, particularly remembered for his dem- 

 onstration that electric sparks are actual fire. 

 This demonstration was made before the Acad- 

 emy of Science at Berlin in 1744, and consisted 

 of touching the surface of a spoonful of sul- 

 phuric ether with a charged glass rod, causing it 

 to burst into flame. 



Lyell, Sir Charles, iii, 84. Born at Kinnorby, 

 Forfarshire, Scotland, Nov. 14, 1797; died at 

 London, Feb. 22, 1875. Celebrated British geol- 

 ogist. He is especially famous as an opponent 

 of the old catastrophism in geology, and it was 

 largely through his efforts that this doctrine was 

 finally overthrown. His views were bitterly 

 opposed and were not accepted universally for 

 something like a quarter of a century after he 

 had propounded them. 



Magendie, Francois, iv, 203. Born at Bor- 

 deaux, France, Oct. 15, 1783; died at Paris, Oct. 

 7, 1855. A noted French physician, anatomist 

 and physiologist. He was one of the experi- 

 mental physiologists of the early Nineteenth 

 Century who laid the foundation for modern 

 scientific medicine. He is especially remem- 



