KEY AND INDEX 



Paper, the manufacture of, 8, 

 159; materials for making, 

 8, 161; making paper by 

 hand, 8, 162; "watermark, ' 

 "wove," and "laid" paper, 

 8, 163; modern rag-paper, 8, 

 164; paper from wood-pulp, 

 8, 171; paper car- wheels, 8, 

 1 80; papier -mach6, 8, 182. 



Papin, Denis, conceived idea of 

 transmitting power by means 

 of a piston, 6, 88; produced 

 vacuum in cylinder by cooling, 

 6,88. 



Pappenheim, discovered that 

 the pancreas shares in diges- 

 tion, 4, 129. 



Paracelsus to Harvey, From, 

 Chapter VII, 2, 156. 



Paracelsus, life, 2, 156; "four 

 pillars" of his medical teach- 

 ings, 2, 159; doctrine of 

 "signatures," 2, 160; use of 

 magnets, 2, 161; condem- 

 nation of surgery, 2, 162; 

 his influence, 2, 162. 



Parasitic diseases, discovery of, 

 4, 204; importance of this 

 discovery upon the science of 

 medicine, 4, 206. 



Par6, Ambroise, "the father of 

 French surgery," 2, 181; 

 his innovations in the field 

 of surgery, 2, 182. 



Parisian system of sewage dis- 

 posal, the, 6, 200. 



Parmenides, a distinguished or- 

 nament of the Eleatic School, 

 1, 114; his theories con- 

 cerning the earth, 1, 130; his 

 cosmogonic speculations, 1, 



Parsons, C. A., inventor of 

 steam turbine, 1884, 6, 124; 

 description of turbine, 6, 

 125; effect of his invention 

 upon navigation, and the 

 generation of power, 6, 127. 



Pascal, his barometrical experi- 

 ment, 2, 122. 



Pasteur Institute, the, 5, 178- 

 186; the tomb of Pasteur 

 within the walls, 5, 181; aims 

 and objects of, 5, 182; anti- 



[204] 



rabic treatment given at, 6, 

 183; a school of bacteriology, 

 6, 184; the regular staff of , o. 

 185; sheep and cattle treated 

 at, ibid. 



Pasteur, Louis, architectural de- 

 sign of a molecule illustrated 

 by. 4 63; refutation of the 

 doctrine of spontaneous gen- 

 eration, 4, 1 80; corroborated 

 by Tyndall, ibid.; and the 

 germ theory of disease, 4, 217; 

 studies in fermentation, 4, 

 218; cause of the decay of 

 organic tissues, 4, 220; ex- 

 periments with grape sugar, 

 4, 221; settles question of 

 bacilli as cause of anthrax, 

 4, 228; experiments with 

 chicken cholera, 4, 232; and 

 the microbe of anthrax, 4, 

 233 ; demonstrates the pro- 

 tection afforded animals by 

 inoculation, 4, 238, 239; his 

 inoculations to prevent hydro- 

 phobia, 4, 240; his tomb, 6,181. 



Paul of ^Egina, Byzantine sur- 

 geon, 2, 32. 



Paul, Lewis, his claim to the in- 

 vention of the first spinning- 

 machine, 9, 22 and 27. 



Paulhan, Louis, his spectacular 

 flight from London to Man- 

 chester, 7, 296. 



Payen, his discovery of the 

 composition of the cell walls 

 of vegetables, 4, 124. 



Peary, Robert E., discoverer of 

 the North Pole, 7, 49. 



Peel, Robert, British States- 

 man, employed James Har- 

 greaves to construct a card- 

 ing-machine, 9, 16. 



Peligot, M., describes the 

 method of making window- 

 glass, 9, 289. 



Penstock, at the Niagara Falls 

 electrical power-plant, 6, 188. 



Pepsin, an active principle in 

 gastric juice, 4, 129; de- 

 tected by Spratt and Boyd, 

 ibid. 



Percussion, Piorry's method of 

 mediate, 4, 203. 



