VI TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



DIVISION II. THE STRUCTURE OP THE PLANT AND OFFICES 

 OF ITS ORGANS. 



CHAP. I. GENERALITIES 241 



Organism, Organs 242 



CHAP. II. PRIMARY ELEMENTS OF ORGANIC STRUCTURE ...243 



1. The Vegetable Cell 243 



2. Vegetable Tissues 254 



CHAP. III. VEGETATIVE ORGANS 256 



1. The Root 256 



Offices of Root 260 



Apparent Search for Food 263 



Contact of Roots with Soil 266 



Absorption by Root 269 



Soil Roots, Water Roots, Air Roots 273 



2. The Stem .282 



Buds 283 



Layers, Tillering 286 



Root-stocks '. 287 



Tubers 288 



Structure of the Stem... 289 



Endogenous Plants 290 



Exogenous Plants 296 



Sieve-cells 303 



3. Leaves 306 



Leaf Pores 309 



Exhalation of Water Vapor 311 



Offices of Foliage 314 



CHAP. IV. REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 315 



1. The Flower 316 



Fertilization 319 



Hybridizing 324 



Species. Varieties 326 



2. Fruit 330 



Seed 332 



Embryo 333 



3. Vitality of -seeds and their influence on the Plants 



they produce 335 



Duration of Vitality 335 



Use of old and unripe seeds 338 



Density of seeds 339 



Absolute weight of seeds 340 



Signs of Excellence 345 



Ancestry. Race- vigor 346 



DIVISION III. LIFE OF THE PLANT. 

 CHAP. 1. GERMINATION 349 



1. Introductory , 349 



2. Phenomena of Germination 350 



3. Conditions of Germination 351 



Proper Depth of Sowing 355 



4. Chemical Physiology of Germination 357 



Chemistry of Malt 358 



CHAP. II. 1. Food of the Plant when independent of the Seed 366 



2. The Juices of the Plant. Their Nature and Movements369 



Flow of Sap 370 



Composition of Sap 376 



Kinds of Sap. 378 



Motion of Nutrient Matters 379 



3. Causes of Motion of the Juices 385 



Porosity of Tissues 385 



Imbibition 386 



Liquid Diffusion 390 



Osmose or Membrane Diffusion 393 



Root Action ... 399 



Selective Power of Plant 401 



4. Mechanical effects of Osmose 406 



APPENDIX. 

 TABLE. Composition of Agricultural Products 409 



