60 



which, perhaps, a few nests are already to be found, is finished. They 

 think the plants may now grow in wild confusion. But the contrary 

 is the case. The copse derives its full value from correct pruning. 



Fig. 4. FRESHLY PRUNED BUSHES. 



In the sixth, seventh, or, if the soil is very poor, in the eighth or 

 ninth year, the dense copse must again be cut down, but now isolated 

 bushes, which may be called stock-bushes, are left at intervals of five 



Fig. 5. ONE-YEAR-OLD WHORLS RECENTLY 



PRUNED. 



or six paces, and their numerous sprouts are lopped at varying 

 heights J, 1, 1J, and 2 yards above the ground (see Figs. 3 and 4) 

 They should be cut close above the dormant eyes, so that the new 

 growth forms whorl-shaped ramifications, which serve the birds as a 

 foundation for their nests. 



