OTHER DISEASES CAUSED BY BACTERIA 313 



dose. Doses of from 80 to 100 cu.cm. have been used on large 

 animals and also on man at intervals. As a rule much smaller 

 doses are used. 



Three strains or "seed" cultures are used Anthrax Vaccine 

 Culture, No. 1, will kill white mice, but not guinea-pigs; Anthrax 

 Vaccine Culture No. 2 will kill guinea-pigs, but not rabbits, and 

 Anthrax Vaccine Culture Single will kill white mice and young 

 guinea-pigs, but not full-grown guinea-pigs or rabbits. Anthrax 

 Vaccine Culture No. 3 will kill guinea-pigs and some rabbits. 



Cattle, horses, mules, sheep, goats, and swine should be vac- 

 cinated annually, in the spring of the year, at least two weeks 

 prior to the usual appearance of the disease or to the time when 

 the animals are turned out on infected premises. 



Hookworm Disease. Although this disease is not due to bacteria, 

 it should be mentioned because it is caused by a parasite, and 

 because of its evil effect upon human beings. 



The worm enters the system from the ground through the skin 

 of a bare foot, or by the eating of fruit which has been on ground 

 infected by hookworms. 



The worm attaches itself to the inside of the intestines and sucks 

 the blood from its victim, sapping a human being's strength, lowering 

 his vitality, and stunting the physical and intellectual growth. The 

 hookworm disease is common in the southern states of our country, 

 causing much misery and poverty, and making school children 

 stupid and indifferent to progress. 



As the worm does not multiply in the stomach, it cannot reach 

 a person's system unless by the methods already mentioned. 

 Thorough disinfection and wearing shoes prevent the worm from 

 multiplying. A treatment of Epsom salts and thymol under the 

 direction of a physician removes the worm from the body. 



Fire Blight of the Pear and Apple Tree. Fire blight is caused 

 by a bacterium which grows in the juicy part of the stem between 

 the wood and the bark. This tender fresh layer is called cambium. 

 This is the part which breaks and allows a boy to slip the bark off when 

 he is making a whistle. 



The growth of new wood takes place in the cambium, which is 

 full of nourishment. The bacteria live on this nourishment, de- 



