CHAPTER XIII 

 THE UNIVERSE 



LAWS OF MATTER 



Molecules. All objects are made up of tiny particles of matter 

 called molecules. They are so small that no one has been able to see 

 them. Scientists believe that they exist because there are so many 

 evidences of their existence in the natural laws of science. All bodies 

 are made up of these molecules which, in turn, are made up of tiny 

 particles, called atoms, which are still further subdivided. We call 

 this a theory, since we have not absolutely proved the fact that 

 molecules do exist. 



We know that when a teaspoonful of sugar is placed in coffee, 

 the sugar disappears, but if the sugar were placed in water, the water 

 could be boiled away, and the sugar would be found to have returned 

 to its original appearance. 



It is believed that the little grains of sugar break up into their 

 molecules and separate throughout the liquid. They are so small 

 that they can not be seen; however, the sugar may be tasted, since 

 it has sweetened the entire cup of liquid. We commonly say the 

 sugar has dissolved. 



This is called the molecular theory. These molecules, like the 

 bodies in space, attract each other with a great deal of force. If the 

 body is in liquid form and free to act, the molecules pulling toward 

 each other tend to pull the body into a spherical form. An example 

 of this tremendous attraction of the molecules for each other may 

 be seen in a glass of water. 



Cohesion. Experiment. Carefully place a dry needle on the 

 surface of a glass of water. It will float. 



There seems to be a toughened place on the surface of the water. 

 Every molecule of water is pulling every other molecule with a 



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