EMERGENCY TREATMENT 523 



prepared, even in a minute. The finger thus employed must not be 

 removed till the supply to the artery involved is controlled by the 

 application of a muslin bandage around the arm or leg between the 

 body and the wound, and twisted tight with a stick. After the 

 bleeding is stopped, the wound may be washed clean as before, 

 dressed with cotton held in place by a bandage, and the patient 

 referred at once to a physician, who should have been sent or as 

 soon as the injury occurred. 



Nosebleed. Pack the bleeding nostril with a long twisted piece 

 of cotton soaked in an adrenalin solution and thick enough to fill 

 the nostril. Keep the patient quiet. Any nosebleed not controlled 

 in this way in a few minutes should be referred to a doctor. 



Bruises. To prevent " black eye " or other discoloration in 

 case of bruises, apply a cloth wrung from cold water. The cloth 

 should be continuously applied and kept cold. 



Burns. Put the burned hand or finger in cool water to soothe 

 the smarting. Apply a little common baking soda and afterward 

 vaseline, fresh lard or cream. 



Particle of Dust, Cinder, etc., in Eye. When a " foreign body " 

 flies into the eye, the resulting sensation of pain causes an instinctive 

 squeezing of the lids together, and often a tendency to rub the eye. 

 If the particle is small and not sharp, pain may be slight or absent, 

 and the only sensation may be irritation and watering coming on 

 later. If the eye be kept closed and quiet, often the tears will 

 suffice to wash out the offending particle. Never wink or rub the 

 eye as this may cause scratching and injury to the delicate surface 

 of the eyeball. If the speck is not washed out in this way, separate 

 the lids with the fingers, and search closely, under a bright light, 

 first the inner surface of the lids, then the whites and finally the 

 cornea, or clear part of the eye, for any speck on them. Very 

 minute particles often cause severe discomfort. The inner surface 

 of the upper lid may be readily exposed to view by pulling it down- 

 ward by the lashes and then turning up over the point of a pencil. 

 When found, the speck may be removed by wiping with the corner 

 of a handkerchief, or a little cotton wrapped on the end of a match 

 or toothpick. If this does not suffice, no further effort should be 

 made to remove it, but the person should be referred to a physician; 



