PLANTING THE VINEYARD. 47 



the vine will in that case be planted as already 

 described. If the upper roots, however, are few 

 and feeble, the next tier must be retained, the 

 upper one shaved off, and the two lower ones 

 cut entirely away ; for if they were retained 

 and covered with soil, the lower roots would, 

 as a general thing, be too deeply planted. If 

 two tiers are retained, the upper must be held 

 up by the hand while the lower are being 

 spread out and covered; and then the same 

 operation must be repeated with the upper. 

 But there is no necessity for retaining two, 

 since the lower roots usually die in conse- 

 quence of being placed so deep in the ground. 

 With the exception noted, the vine from a cut- 

 ting is planted in the same manner as one from 

 a bud. When the plant has been made from a 

 cutting of two eyes, (Fig. 4, p. 37,) there is only 

 one tier of roots, and the treatment, of course, 

 differs in no respect from that first described. 



Next in order comes the layer, which will 

 need some special directions. The rooted por- 

 tion of a layer consists of a piece of cane which 

 has emitted roots from each joint. These roots 

 are evenly and regularly disposed along each 

 side, and overlap each other more or less. 

 These roots should be pruned or shortened to 



