CHAPTER X. 



TRAINING VARIOUS FORMS. 



The Renewal System. This was so earnestly 

 advocated many years ago by Mr. Clement 

 Hoare, as to have had his name associated with 

 it ever since. It consists of two horizontal arms, 

 from which upright canes are grown in a serpen- 

 tine course, the canes being alternately fruited 

 and renewed. Some have misunderstood it, or 

 modified it by growing the canes straight, and 

 thus destroyed its best feature. Mr. Hoare un- 

 derstood how the action of the vine tends to the 

 ends of the canes, and advocated the plan of 

 growing them in a serpentine form to equalize it. 

 To take away this feature, therefore, is to dam- 

 age the system. 



The reader now so well understands the for- 

 mation of horizontal arms, that we can pass at 

 once to the peculiar treatment of the spurs and 

 canes. There should not be more than four 

 spurs on each arm. Let us suppose that half 



