146 AMERICAN GRAPE CULTURE. 



must be grown straight, and all pinched and 

 athallized in the usual manner. In the fall, the 

 end cane must be cut 'of the proper length for 

 completing the arms, and the upright canes 

 pruned, one to the lowest bud, and the other, 

 this year, not more than two feet long. In the 

 spring, from each of the spurs grow a cane for 

 renewal, and also a small cane from one of the 

 base buds. From the alternate canes pruned 

 two feet long, grow as much fruit as the vine is 

 able to ripen, and no more ; and from one of the 

 base buds grow a small cane for a spur. From 

 the portion of arm newly laid down grow two 

 upright canes. The canes, in all these instances, 

 are to be grown in serpentine form. The fruit 

 canes are to be pinched two or three leaves 

 above the fruit, the renewal canes pinched about 

 the first of September, and athallage attended 

 to in the usual manner. The reader must, by 

 this time, so well understand these operations 

 that it is not necessary to repeat them in detail. 

 In the fall we shall have, beginning at the 

 stock, first, a cane that has fruited, with a small 

 cane at its base ; the old cane must be cut en- 

 tirely away, and the small cane cut to its lowest 

 bud ; secondly, we have from the spur a long, 

 or renewal cane, which must be cut three or four 



