300 AMERICAN GRAPE CULTURE. 



In this way both skill and labor will be econo- 

 mized. 



The opposite or extreme conditions alluded 

 to above will be best illustrated if we select, 

 as examples, an account of two well known 

 vineyards. 



At Kelley's Island the soil is generally clay, 

 with just enough limestone, sand, and gravel to 

 make it the most adhesive and compact possible, 

 so that the labor of first breaking it up is very 

 great, and not to be accomplished by the usual 

 means. The underlying rock is often not much 

 more than a foot below the surface, and pre- 

 vents the escape of water in times of wetness. 

 Here the vines can not be set or covered deeply, 

 nor can the ground be deeply worked. If this 

 shallow soil should be worked and enriched 

 down to the point where water lodges, the roots 

 formed there in time of drought would suffer in 

 time of wetness, and the health of the vines and 

 the quality of the fruit would, in consequence, 

 be greatly impaired. Here the indications are, 

 to plant as near the surface as will permit of 

 shallow cultivation, and be consistent with win- 

 ter endurance under the very favorable modify- 

 ing influences of the lake, without which the 

 locality would be very unsuitable for a vine- 

 yard. 



