302 AMERICAN GRAPE CULTURE. 



they will all suffer unless the treatment con- 

 forms to the principles we have laid down; 

 and we may confidently add, as the result of 

 long experience and widely ext.ended observa- 

 tion, that when these natural principles are 

 mastered and judiciously applied, no such 

 deep discouragement as followed the effects 

 of last winter will again occur, nor will 

 young vines, soon after being brought to a 

 bearing condition, begin to suffer from ex- 

 haustion. Success will always be best assured 

 by working with nature rather than against her. 

 In planting large vines, such as are represent- 

 ed in Figs. 3 and 8, or any other, the roots of 

 which, after proper pruning, remain long, large 

 holes will be required. If the plants are to be 

 set as near as two or three feet in the rows, it 

 will be better to make a continuous trench, as 

 represented in Fig. 113. Preparatory to plant- 

 ing in this case, a trench is made fourteen 

 inches deep, and in the bottom of it is placed 

 a little more than two inches in depth of good 

 surface soil, leaving it twelve inches deep for 

 beginning to plant. At the place for each vine 

 a little mound is raised about two inches 

 high, on which set the vines, and the planting 

 proceeds as we have already described, until 

 the trench is filled to within six inches of the 



