316 AMEEICAN GEAPE CULTUEE. 



eacli arm off at the spur nearest to the stock, 

 and grow a single cane from the lowest bud on 

 the spur. This cane must next be bent to a 

 horizontal position, and the arm formed by de- 

 grees in the usual way. This severe cutting 

 back will cause a number of dormant buds to 

 break around the stock, all of which must be 

 rubbed off. They have been called "water 

 shoots," and are fruitless. If the spurs next 

 the stock are poor, then the arms must be cut 

 pretty close to the stock, leaving no spurs what- 

 ever. There need be no apprehension in regard 

 to getting canes in this case ; there will be an 

 abundance of them, and the trouble will con- 

 sist in making a choice and keeping the others 

 from growing. The canes grown under such 

 circumstances should early be bent to an angle, 

 and the end pinched out when the cane is about 

 five feet long. When the bud at the end 

 breaks, let the cane extend a couple of feet be- 

 fore it is pinched again. The pinching should 

 be repeated three or four times. Unless these 

 precautions are taken, the lower buds will be 

 very small. More than the usual means will 

 be necessary to equalize the action of the plant, 

 as it will be exceedingly vigorous. In other 



