GENERAL MANAGEMENT OF AKMS. 



one, their management is easy. Many years 

 ago, in making some experiments, we found that 

 a cane left to grow below the bend in the arm 

 exercised considerable influence in equalizing 

 action in the arm; in other words, we discov- 

 ered a less disposition to extreme growth at the 

 end of the arm, the spurs near the stock being 

 about as strong as those near the end, and in 

 some cases even stronger. This, with us, was 

 the origin of the safety valve. We were not 

 then as familiar with the effects of pinching as 

 we have learned to be in later years, and used 

 to bend the safety valve down to a greater or 

 less angle, as we wished to modify action in the 

 arm. Pinching or bending the safety valve, or 

 both, will give us a very considerable control 

 over action in the arm, if recourse is had to 

 them at the right time. This is the general 

 principle which governs the safety valve, and 

 the reader will be able to apply it for himself. 



The upright canes in the Guyot plan should 

 be used in the same way, though we used the 

 safety valve years before we heard of Guyot. 

 We may remark here, that to obtain the full 

 benefit of the upright canes, the spur from 

 which they are grown should be below the bend 

 in the arm, and not, as in the Guyot proper, 



