CHAPTER XX. 



CULTIVATION WINTER MANAGEMENT M ARKET- 



ING GROWING PLANTS BETWEEN THE ROWS 



HOW TO KEEP GRAPES IN WINTER SHELTER 



FOR PROTECTION AND RIPENING MANURES 



NON-MANURING. 



Cultivation. The object of cultivation may 

 be considered as two-fold : the intermingling 

 and ameliorating of the soil in such a thorough 

 manner as to make it a fit " house of entertain- 

 ment " for plant food ; and keeping the surface 

 mellow and clean, so as to maintain a healthy 

 root action ; the two comprehending tillage, 

 which has in view the health of the vine, and 

 the ripening and excellence of the. fruit. The 

 first point is best accomplished by fall plowing, 

 which may be repeated in a very stiff new soil, 

 so as to more thoroughly break it up and inter- 

 mingle it, and expose all its parts to the action of 

 the air, and the ameliorating influence of winter. 

 The second is accomplished by plowing again 



