344 AMERICAN GRAPE CULTURE. 



plowing to the vines, which will leave the dead 

 furrow in the middle, or where the imaginary 

 line is. Beginning on the upper side, enter the 

 plow three or four inches deep, and throw a 

 furrow slice to the vines. When the end of the 

 row is reached, turn to the lower side, enter the 

 plow as before, and turn a slice to the vines; 

 after which, go to the upper side again, and 

 turn a slice into the furrow first opened; then 

 to the lower side, and turn a slice into the open 

 furrow there ; then again to the upper side, and 

 so repeat till the space between the rows is all 

 plowed. The dead furrow will be through the 

 middle. Deplowing, or plowing from the vines, 

 consists in beginning at the middle or the dead 

 furrow, and reversing these furrow slices, which 

 fills the dead furrow, and finishes by leaving the 

 ground as it was at the beginning. Having 

 explained and illustrated the meaning of ap- 

 plowing and deplowing, we shall now be able 

 to apply these terms without further circumlo- 

 cution. We may remark here, that plowing 

 should never be done when the soil is wet. 



Soils that are new, heavy, or stiff are specially 

 benefited by fall plowing, which mellows them, 

 makes them easier to work, and better fitted for 

 sustaining the vines. For such soils proceed as 



