WINTER MANAGEMENT. 351 



therefore, be better to have them made here 

 rather than import them. Fig. 136 is a plow. 

 Fig. 137 is used as a substitute for the plow, 

 turning two small furrow slices. Fig. 138 is a 

 Jt cultivator, or weeder. Fig. 139 is 

 ^^jyL a triangular hoe, used for the same 

 fflj m purpose as Fig. 135, above. 



li WJ Winter Management. There 

 ^H| Wr are some matters connected with 

 IVi the winter care of the vineyard 

 A which are too important to be 

 If w overlooked, chief among which is 

 covering. This, in some portions 

 of the country, is a necessity, and 

 Kg. 139. in most others an advantage suffi- 

 ciently great to warrant the trouble. Its ob- 

 ject is to protect the buds and wood as well as 

 the roots from being injured or killed by the 

 severity or changes of the winter. It is sup- 

 posed by some that covering the vines causes 

 them to start earlier in the spring, and in that 

 respect is an advantage ; but early starting is no 

 advantage, and covering has no such effect ; on 

 the contrary, it retards the spring growth, and 

 that is a real advantage. Others suppose that 

 covering "makes the crop finer;" but it can 

 have no effect in making it finer : it can only 



