DISEASES AND INSECTS. 383 



a change in the weather as usually favors the 

 attack of mildew, and before it has visibly ap- 

 peared. If, in addition to this, we faithfully 

 preserve all the conditions that are necessary to 

 the health and well-being of the vine, mildew 

 will be robbed of most of its terrors, and 

 become a comparatively manageable disease. 

 In this connection, the young vineyardist should 

 especially see that no water is standing in or on 

 the soil, avoid weakening his vines by over- 

 cropping, provide for a circulation of air among 

 the foliage by so tying the canes as to prevent 

 the leaves from becoming a tangled and impen- 

 etrable mass ; in short, apply faithfully the 

 principles that have been fully explained in the 

 progress of this work. 



Hot. Under this name, two or three diseases 

 are known, variously called /brown rot, bitter rot, 

 black rot, etc., the names in some places being 

 interchanged. The brown rot, which is infre- 

 quent, is a brown spot on the side of the berry 

 similar to those seen on the apple and pear, dis- 

 figuring the berry, but not injuring the quality 

 of the fruit. The bitter rot, on the contrary, 

 destroys the quality of the fruit, rendering it too 

 bitter and acrid to eat. The black rot, the most 

 common and destructive of the three, makes its 



