40B AMERICAN GRAPE CULTUKE. 



the other canes as much as possible to the fruit, 

 this being the only purpose for which these 

 canes are grown ; if the action is very strong, 

 they maybe bent down. In the fall of this 

 year, the vines will present the appearance 

 shown in Fig. 162* The upper canes must now 

 all be cut off at a, and the lower canes pruned 

 at the points where it is desired to form the 

 arms. To ascertain these points, the vines must 

 be bent to their places on the wall. The prun- 

 ing finished, the vines are to be laid down for 

 the winter. From this point the training is 

 proceeded with as explained above in Fig. 160. 



Fig. 163. 



By the plan shown in Fig. 163, half the num- 

 ber of vines may be saved, which is an object 

 where good vines are scarce; but it will occupy 

 a y^ar more to establish the vines in full bear- 

 ing. In this case, the vines are planted four 



