GROUND TRAINING. 411 



the trellis, and shading the arms thus avoided, 

 but it would involve considerable trouble. The 

 reader will notice here, again, that the spurs are 

 alternately single and double; and this he will 

 find to be very often the case in French train- 

 ing, where the arms much exceed four feet in 

 length, and in some cases where it does not. 

 By lessening or increasing the number of tiers, 

 this plan can be readily applied to a wall, trel- 

 lis, or house of any height. The mode of 

 training the reader already understands. 



Ground Training. In Fig. 165 the reader will 



Fig. 165. 



find another " study," called ground training. 

 It consists of a system of three double spurs, 

 with the fruit canes bent horizontally in ray 

 form, and tied to low stakes, from twelve to 

 eighteen inches high. It is practiced in the 

 north of France. A good stout cane must first 

 be grown, and this pruned so as to get three 

 canes for spurs at the proper height. These 

 three canes must be pruned to the two lowest 

 buds for spurs, and the spurs bent down hori- 



